Kholoud Mazhar Shallal; Atheer Saber Mustafa; Noor Ali Hamid
Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 1-12
Abstract
The study was conducted at the Research Station of the Field Crops Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the summer season of 2024, with the aim of evaluating the effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid on the growth and yield of three soybean cultivars (Shaimaa, Lee, Laura) ...
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The study was conducted at the Research Station of the Field Crops Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the summer season of 2024, with the aim of evaluating the effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid on the growth and yield of three soybean cultivars (Shaimaa, Lee, Laura) using four concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mg L-¹). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) under a split-plot arrangement with three replications. The results revealed that foliar spraying with 150 mg L-¹ of ascorbic acid significantly enhanced several traits, including plant height (54.06 cm), leaf area (1982.99 cm² plant -¹), number of pods (134.23 pods plant-¹), 500-seed weight (68.44 g), and total yield (2.30 t ha-¹). Among the cultivars, “Shaimaa” outperformed the others in terms of leaf area (2006.66 cm² plant-¹), number of pods (133.62 pods plant-¹), 500-seed weight (67.46 g), and recorded the highest total yield (2.30 t ha-¹). Moreover, the interaction between cultivars and ascorbic acid concentrations had a significant effect, as the combination (Shaimaa × 150 mg L-¹) produced the highest total yield (2.48 t ha-¹), while the combination (Lee × 0 mg L-¹) recorded the lowest values for several traits. These findings indicate the efficiency of foliar application of ascorbic acid, particularly at 150 mg L-¹, in improving growth and yield traits of soybean, with the best performance achieved by the Shaimaa cultivar.
Ruaa Abdul Hussien Ali Al-Asadi; Ziena Mohammed Abdul-Qader; Waffa Abdullah Fadhil; Zina Ismail Khalil
Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 13-26
Abstract
The experiment was carried out in one of the plastic houses of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during the fall season of 2023–2024, with aim of the study germination, plant growth, and biochemical attributes of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) seeds as ...
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The experiment was carried out in one of the plastic houses of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during the fall season of 2023–2024, with aim of the study germination, plant growth, and biochemical attributes of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) seeds as treated with various Moringa (Moringa oleifera) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) extract soaking durations and concentrations. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications was used. The study included two factors: the first was seed soaking duration (12, 24, and 36 hours), and the second was treatment with plant extracts. These extracts were: fenugreek extract at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g L⁻¹, and Moringa extract at the same concentrations. Seeds were then planted in trays to obtain seedlings, and the required measurements were recorded. Results showed that the interaction treatment T3M7 produced the highest germination percentage (100%), while T2M8 recorded the fastest germination rate (3.327 days seed⁻¹). The interaction treatment T3M4 gave the tallest seedling height (16.13 cm), whereas T3M3 recorded the highest number of leaves and fresh plant weight (10.500 leaves plant⁻¹ and 4.857 g, respectively). The treatment T2M3 gave the highest values for dry weight (1.096 g), dry matter percentage (383%), total chlorophyll concentration, nitrogen, protein, and phosphorus content (21.14%, respectively). Regarding soaking duration, treatment T2 resulted in the highest germination percentage (86.67%), germination speed (3.891 days seed⁻¹), and dry weight (0.939 g).
Anmar Nazar Hasan; Bilal Ali Khashan; Ammar Adil Al-Azamy
Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 27-36
Abstract
Iraqi truffle species were collected from different areas (Anbar District ). The truffle species were studied after identification. They included three species were studied after identification. They included three species: the first is the Jebbeh truffle (Terfezia claveryi), which has a light brown ...
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Iraqi truffle species were collected from different areas (Anbar District ). The truffle species were studied after identification. They included three species were studied after identification. They included three species: the first is the Jebbeh truffle (Terfezia claveryi), which has a light brown color; the second is the Haraka truffle (Terfezia boudieri), which has a black-dark brown color; and the third is the cream truffle (Terfezia nivea), which has a white to cream color. Samples were taken from the soil surrounding the truffles during collection and from the three species to determine their physical and chemical properties. The biomass ratios Fungi: Bacteria level from 0.107 to 9.080, depending on the way used. Based on the direct microscope process, the percentages of (fungi + bacteria) ranged between 0.39% and 54.78% and 0.25% and 45.05%, respectively; While these ratios varied, we conclude that bacteria contribute significantly to soil environment system compared to fungi based on the Fungi: Bacteria assimilation ratio .
Ashwaq Wadi Majeed; Noor Yahya Muneer; Manar Abd Falhe Hassan
Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 37-51
Abstract
The present volume of health and nutrition research is significantly larger, resulting in a substantial number of academic publications. However, the majority of previous research has focused on functional foods as well as micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals and their ability to influence the ...
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The present volume of health and nutrition research is significantly larger, resulting in a substantial number of academic publications. However, the majority of previous research has focused on functional foods as well as micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals and their ability to influence the immune response. This essay posits a more novel approach as it aims to examine the role of the lean and mean repo man, in other words, food, its nutrients, and the possible mechanisms by which it assists the body in fighting disease and enhancing the function of the immune system. The findings of this report will benefit the target population by providing it with the suitable knowledge to boost their body’s immune systems and overall health. Proper immune health can be achieved through regular consumption of a proper diet, as well as regular exercise or yoga. As such, this essay seeks to establish the paramount role of fruit in keeping the body’s immune system functioning correctly since fruits have a large number of vitamins and minerals, it contains many other wonderful chemicals.
Shaima Majeed Aljanabi; Enas Ismail Mohammed
Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 52-59
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2024–2025 at the Field Crops Research Station (FCRS), Field Crops Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, to estimate the effect of foliar application of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) on growth and quality traits of barley, ...
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A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2024–2025 at the Field Crops Research Station (FCRS), Field Crops Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, to estimate the effect of foliar application of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) on growth and quality traits of barley, variety Ibaa 99. The study included four concentrations of Mn (0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm) and four concentrations of Fe (0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm). Foliar sprays were applied in two stages: the tillering stage and the booting stage. The experiment was arranged in a factorial split-plot design based on a Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replications. Five growth and quality traits were measured. The results exhibited that the Mn and Fe concentrations, as well as their interaction, were significant for all studied traits. The highest concentration of Mn (3000 ppm) led to significant increases in chlorophyll content, leaf area, and plant height, in addition to improving grain Mn content. Similarly, the highest Fe concentration (3000 ppm) significantly enhanced chlorophyll content, leaf area, plant height, and grain Fe content. Overall, foliar feeding with Mn and Fe at higher concentrations improved both growth performance and grain quality in barley.
Nahla Jawhar Kareem
Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 60-72
Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Khabat Technical Institute (Erbil Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq) during September of 2025. This study aims to identify the chemical composition of the six flax genotypes in terms of their oil, protein, mineral, and vitamin content. Chemical analyses revealed ...
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The experiment was conducted at the Khabat Technical Institute (Erbil Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq) during September of 2025. This study aims to identify the chemical composition of the six flax genotypes in terms of their oil, protein, mineral, and vitamin content. Chemical analyses revealed significant differences in chemical composition among the genotypes. The laboratory experiment was then conducted to evaluate the effect of treating flaxseed with five concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mM) on the germination rates of six flax genotypes (Germany, Leider, Local, Poland, Syrian 1, and Syrian 2). For the germination experiment, the seeds were treated with salicylic acid (SA) for 24 hours, and parameters such as germination percentage and early growth indicators were recorded. Treatment with SA had a variable effect on germination, with a positive effect observed at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM in some genotypes, and a negative or negligible effect in others at concentrations of 1.5 and 2 mM. These results highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate SA concentration for each genotype to improve germination and suggest that the chemical diversity of flaxseed genotypes may be related to their physiological response to the hormone.